Botulinum toxin therapy in pain management.
- DOI
- 10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8
- Published
- 2003 Dec
- Container
- Anesthesiology clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Not recorded
- Open access
- unknown
Credibility signals
limited evidence Score 43/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Cite this work
BibTeX
@article{allodium:10.1016/s0889-8537-03-00082-8,
title = {Botulinum toxin therapy in pain management.},
author = {Raj PP},
year = {2003},
journal = {Anesthesiology clinics of North America},
doi = {10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8}
}RIS
TY - JOUR TI - Botulinum toxin therapy in pain management. AU - Raj PP PY - 2003 JO - Anesthesiology clinics of North America DO - 10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8 ER -
APA
PP, R. (2003). Botulinum toxin therapy in pain management.. Anesthesiology clinics of North America. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8537(03)00082-8
Source records
- pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-26T08:16:21.184Z