Guidance on the clinical management of HIV-1 persistent low-level viraemia on antiretroviral treatment: a scoping review and an international Delphi consensus

Tommaso Clemente, Arjen J Stam, Olof Elvstam, Anna Maria Geretti, Richard Harrigan, Milosz Parczewski, Nicola E Mackie, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Marije Hofstra, Francois Venter, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Josep M Llibre, Robert W Shafer, Jonathan Schapiro, Esteban Martinez, Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza, Monique Nijhuis, Per Björkman, Charlotte Charpentier, Simon Collins, Huldrych F Günthard, Diego Cecchini, Antonella Castagna, Nele Brusselaers, Annemarie MJ Wensing, Diego Cecchini, Anthony D Kelleher, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Linos Vandekerckhove, Ricardo S Diaz, Ivailo Alexiev, Joseph Fokam, Gary Rubin, Richard Harrigan, Wai S Leung, Snježana Židovec-Lepej, Leondios G Kostrikis, Jannik Fonager, Nina Weis, Inka J Aho, Vincent Calvez, Charlotte Charpentier, Maka Gogia, Rolf Kaiser, Eva Wolf, Patrick Braun, Christoph D Spinner, Georg MN Behrens, Thomas Seidel, Margaret Lartey, Evangelia G Kostaki, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Botond Lakatos, Sanjay N Pujari, Ishwar Gilada, Giovanni Villa, Jonathan Schapiro, Itzchak Levy, Orna Mor, Maurizio Zazzi, Stefano Rusconi, Diego Ripamonti, Tommaso Clemente, Antonella Castagna, Manuela Ceccarelli, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Wataru Sugiura, Reena Shah, Oksana Savicka, Aleksandras Gorobecas, Iskandar Azwa, Annemarie MJ Wensing, Arjen J Stam, Jeroen JA van Kampen, Casper Rokx, Berend J van Welzen, Monique Nijhuis, Anne-Marte B Kran, Justyna D Kowalska, Milosz Parczewski, Ana B Abecasis, Simona Paraschiv, Ana M Tudor, Maja Stanojevic, Chen S Wong, Ricardo Massmann, Mario Poljak, Janez Tomažič, Maja M Lunar, Lucia Hans, Graeme Meintjes, Gert U van Zyl, Diana R Hardie, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa, Francois WD Venter, Lucas E Hermans, Marije Hofstra, Esteban Martinez, Federico Garcia, Andrés Ruiz-Sancho, José I Bernardino, Rocío Montejano, Luis Buzón-Martín, Luz Martin-Carbonero, Josep M Llibre, Hortensia Álvarez-Díaz, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Piotr Nowak, Anders Sönnerborg, Per Björkman, Olof Elvstam, Nele Brusselaers, Anna Hachfeld, Andrea Mastrangelo, Huldrych F Günthard, Nan-Yu Chen, Nittaya Phanuphak, Mohamed Chakroun, Kezban T Yalçınkaya, Ahmet Ç İnkaya, Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza, Tetiana Melnyk, Marta Vasylyev, Nicola E Mackie, Simon Collins, Anna Maria Geretti, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Douglas D Richman, Robert W Shafer

Open source

DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4
Published: 2026-07
Container: The Lancet HIV
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1016/s2352-3018-26-00107-4,
  title = {Guidance on the clinical management of HIV-1 persistent low-level viraemia on antiretroviral treatment: a scoping review and an international Delphi consensus},
  author = {Tommaso Clemente and Arjen J Stam and Olof Elvstam and Anna Maria Geretti and Richard Harrigan and Milosz Parczewski and Nicola E Mackie and Vincenzo Spagnuolo and Marije Hofstra and Francois Venter and Daniel R Kuritzkes and Josep M Llibre and Robert W Shafer and Jonathan Schapiro and Esteban Martinez and Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza and Monique Nijhuis and Per Björkman and Charlotte Charpentier and Simon Collins and Huldrych F Günthard and Diego Cecchini and Antonella Castagna and Nele Brusselaers and Annemarie MJ Wensing and Diego Cecchini and Anthony D Kelleher and Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer and Linos Vandekerckhove and Ricardo S Diaz and Ivailo Alexiev and Joseph Fokam and Gary Rubin and Richard Harrigan and Wai S Leung and Snježana Židovec-Lepej and Leondios G Kostrikis and Jannik Fonager and Nina Weis and Inka J Aho and Vincent Calvez and Charlotte Charpentier and Maka Gogia and Rolf Kaiser and Eva Wolf and Patrick Braun and Christoph D Spinner and Georg MN Behrens and Thomas Seidel and Margaret Lartey and Evangelia G Kostaki and Dimitrios Paraskevis and Botond Lakatos and Sanjay N Pujari and Ishwar Gilada and Giovanni Villa and Jonathan Schapiro and Itzchak Levy and Orna Mor and Maurizio Zazzi and Stefano Rusconi and Diego Ripamonti and Tommaso Clemente and Antonella Castagna and Manuela Ceccarelli and Vincenzo Spagnuolo and Wataru Sugiura and Reena Shah and Oksana Savicka and Aleksandras Gorobecas and Iskandar Azwa and Annemarie MJ Wensing and Arjen J Stam and Jeroen JA van Kampen and Casper Rokx and Berend J van Welzen and Monique Nijhuis and Anne-Marte B Kran and Justyna D Kowalska and Milosz Parczewski and Ana B Abecasis and Simona Paraschiv and Ana M Tudor and Maja Stanojevic and Chen S Wong and Ricardo Massmann and Mario Poljak and Janez Tomažič and Maja M Lunar and Lucia Hans and Graeme Meintjes and Gert U van Zyl and Diana R Hardie and Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa and Francois WD Venter and Lucas E Hermans and Marije Hofstra and Esteban Martinez and Federico Garcia and Andrés Ruiz-Sancho and José I Bernardino and Rocío Montejano and Luis Buzón-Martín and Luz Martin-Carbonero and Josep M Llibre and Hortensia Álvarez-Díaz and Joakim Esbjörnsson and Piotr Nowak and Anders Sönnerborg and Per Björkman and Olof Elvstam and Nele Brusselaers and Anna Hachfeld and Andrea Mastrangelo and Huldrych F Günthard and Nan-Yu Chen and Nittaya Phanuphak and Mohamed Chakroun and Kezban T Yalçınkaya and Ahmet Ç İnkaya and Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza and Tetiana Melnyk and Marta Vasylyev and Nicola E Mackie and Simon Collins and Anna Maria Geretti and Daniel R Kuritzkes and Douglas D Richman and Robert W Shafer},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {The Lancet HIV},
  doi = {10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Guidance on the clinical management of HIV-1 persistent low-level viraemia on antiretroviral treatment: a scoping review and an international Delphi consensus
AU  - Tommaso Clemente
AU  - Arjen J Stam
AU  - Olof Elvstam
AU  - Anna Maria Geretti
AU  - Richard Harrigan
AU  - Milosz Parczewski
AU  - Nicola E Mackie
AU  - Vincenzo Spagnuolo
AU  - Marije Hofstra
AU  - Francois Venter
AU  - Daniel R Kuritzkes
AU  - Josep M Llibre
AU  - Robert W Shafer
AU  - Jonathan Schapiro
AU  - Esteban Martinez
AU  - Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza
AU  - Monique Nijhuis
AU  - Per Björkman
AU  - Charlotte Charpentier
AU  - Simon Collins
AU  - Huldrych F Günthard
AU  - Diego Cecchini
AU  - Antonella Castagna
AU  - Nele Brusselaers
AU  - Annemarie MJ Wensing
AU  - Diego Cecchini
AU  - Anthony D Kelleher
AU  - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
AU  - Linos Vandekerckhove
AU  - Ricardo S Diaz
AU  - Ivailo Alexiev
AU  - Joseph Fokam
AU  - Gary Rubin
AU  - Richard Harrigan
AU  - Wai S Leung
AU  - Snježana Židovec-Lepej
AU  - Leondios G Kostrikis
AU  - Jannik Fonager
AU  - Nina Weis
AU  - Inka J Aho
AU  - Vincent Calvez
AU  - Charlotte Charpentier
AU  - Maka Gogia
AU  - Rolf Kaiser
AU  - Eva Wolf
AU  - Patrick Braun
AU  - Christoph D Spinner
AU  - Georg MN Behrens
AU  - Thomas Seidel
AU  - Margaret Lartey
AU  - Evangelia G Kostaki
AU  - Dimitrios Paraskevis
AU  - Botond Lakatos
AU  - Sanjay N Pujari
AU  - Ishwar Gilada
AU  - Giovanni Villa
AU  - Jonathan Schapiro
AU  - Itzchak Levy
AU  - Orna Mor
AU  - Maurizio Zazzi
AU  - Stefano Rusconi
AU  - Diego Ripamonti
AU  - Tommaso Clemente
AU  - Antonella Castagna
AU  - Manuela Ceccarelli
AU  - Vincenzo Spagnuolo
AU  - Wataru Sugiura
AU  - Reena Shah
AU  - Oksana Savicka
AU  - Aleksandras Gorobecas
AU  - Iskandar Azwa
AU  - Annemarie MJ Wensing
AU  - Arjen J Stam
AU  - Jeroen JA van Kampen
AU  - Casper Rokx
AU  - Berend J van Welzen
AU  - Monique Nijhuis
AU  - Anne-Marte B Kran
AU  - Justyna D Kowalska
AU  - Milosz Parczewski
AU  - Ana B Abecasis
AU  - Simona Paraschiv
AU  - Ana M Tudor
AU  - Maja Stanojevic
AU  - Chen S Wong
AU  - Ricardo Massmann
AU  - Mario Poljak
AU  - Janez Tomažič
AU  - Maja M Lunar
AU  - Lucia Hans
AU  - Graeme Meintjes
AU  - Gert U van Zyl
AU  - Diana R Hardie
AU  - Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
AU  - Francois WD Venter
AU  - Lucas E Hermans
AU  - Marije Hofstra
AU  - Esteban Martinez
AU  - Federico Garcia
AU  - Andrés Ruiz-Sancho
AU  - José I Bernardino
AU  - Rocío Montejano
AU  - Luis Buzón-Martín
AU  - Luz Martin-Carbonero
AU  - Josep M Llibre
AU  - Hortensia Álvarez-Díaz
AU  - Joakim Esbjörnsson
AU  - Piotr Nowak
AU  - Anders Sönnerborg
AU  - Per Björkman
AU  - Olof Elvstam
AU  - Nele Brusselaers
AU  - Anna Hachfeld
AU  - Andrea Mastrangelo
AU  - Huldrych F Günthard
AU  - Nan-Yu Chen
AU  - Nittaya Phanuphak
AU  - Mohamed Chakroun
AU  - Kezban T Yalçınkaya
AU  - Ahmet Ç İnkaya
AU  - Cissy Kityo-Mutuluuza
AU  - Tetiana Melnyk
AU  - Marta Vasylyev
AU  - Nicola E Mackie
AU  - Simon Collins
AU  - Anna Maria Geretti
AU  - Daniel R Kuritzkes
AU  - Douglas D Richman
AU  - Robert W Shafer
PY  - 2026
JO  - The Lancet HIV
DO  - 10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4
ER  -

APA

Clemente, T., Stam, A. J., Elvstam, O., Geretti, A. M., Harrigan, R., Parczewski, M., Mackie, N. E., Spagnuolo, V., Hofstra, M., Venter, F., Kuritzkes, D. R., Llibre, J. M., Shafer, R. W., Schapiro, J., Martinez, E., Kityo-Mutuluuza, C., Nijhuis, M., Björkman, P., Charpentier, C., Collins, S., Günthard, H. F., Cecchini, D., Castagna, A., Brusselaers, N., Wensing, A. M., Cecchini, D., Kelleher, A. D., Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, K., Vandekerckhove, L., Diaz, R. S., Alexiev, I., Fokam, J., Rubin, G., Harrigan, R., Leung, W. S., Židovec-Lepej, S., Kostrikis, L. G., Fonager, J., Weis, N., Aho, I. J., Calvez, V., Charpentier, C., Gogia, M., Kaiser, R., Wolf, E., Braun, P., Spinner, C. D., Behrens, G. M., Seidel, T., Lartey, M., Kostaki, E. G., Paraskevis, D., Lakatos, B., Pujari, S. N., Gilada, I., Villa, G., Schapiro, J., Levy, I., Mor, O., Zazzi, M., Rusconi, S., Ripamonti, D., Clemente, T., Castagna, A., Ceccarelli, M., Spagnuolo, V., Sugiura, W., Shah, R., Savicka, O., Gorobecas, A., Azwa, I., Wensing, A. M., Stam, A. J., Kampen, J. J. V., Rokx, C., Welzen, B. J. V., Nijhuis, M., Kran, A. B., Kowalska, J. D., Parczewski, M., Abecasis, A. B., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Stanojevic, M., Wong, C. S., Massmann, R., Poljak, M., Tomažič, J., Lunar, M. M., Hans, L., Meintjes, G., Zyl, G. U. V., Hardie, D. R., Moosa, M. S., Venter, F. W., Hermans, L. E., Hofstra, M., Martinez, E., Garcia, F., Ruiz-Sancho, A., Bernardino, J. I., Montejano, R., Buzón-Martín, L., Martin-Carbonero, L., Llibre, J. M., Álvarez-Díaz, H., Esbjörnsson, J., Nowak, P., Sönnerborg, A., Björkman, P., Elvstam, O., Brusselaers, N., Hachfeld, A., Mastrangelo, A., Günthard, H. F., Chen, N., Phanuphak, N., Chakroun, M., Yalçınkaya, K. T., İnkaya, A. Ç., Kityo-Mutuluuza, C., Melnyk, T., Vasylyev, M., Mackie, N. E., Collins, S., Geretti, A. M., Kuritzkes, D. R., Richman, D. D., & Shafer, R. W. (2026). Guidance on the clinical management of HIV-1 persistent low-level viraemia on antiretroviral treatment: a scoping review and an international Delphi consensus. The Lancet HIV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(26)00107-4

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-26T10:16:45.429Z