The long reach of childhood income inequality: a multinational twin study of gene–environment interplay on adult depressive symptoms

Andrew J. Petkus, Chandra A. Reynolds, Brian K. Finch, Kyla Thomas, Christopher R. Beam, Vibeke S. Catts, Malin Ericsson, Deborah G. Finkel, Carol E. Franz, William S. Kremen, Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen, Nicholas G. Martin, Matt McGue, Miriam A. Mosing, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Marianne Nygaard, Nancy L. Pedersen, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Keith E. Whitfield, Margaret Gatz, Unknown

Open source

DOI: 10.1017/s0033291726104620
Published: 2026
Container: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1017/s0033291726104620,
  title = {The long reach of childhood income inequality: a multinational twin study of gene–environment interplay on adult depressive symptoms},
  author = {Andrew J. Petkus and Chandra A. Reynolds and Brian K. Finch and Kyla Thomas and Christopher R. Beam and Vibeke S. Catts and Malin Ericsson and Deborah G. Finkel and Carol E. Franz and William S. Kremen and Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen and Nicholas G. Martin and Matt McGue and Miriam A. Mosing and Jenae M. Neiderhiser and Marianne Nygaard and Nancy L. Pedersen and Anbupalam Thalamuthu and Keith E. Whitfield and Margaret Gatz and Unknown},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Psychological Medicine},
  doi = {10.1017/s0033291726104620},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726104620}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The long reach of childhood income inequality: a multinational twin study of gene–environment interplay on adult depressive symptoms
AU  - Andrew J. Petkus
AU  - Chandra A. Reynolds
AU  - Brian K. Finch
AU  - Kyla Thomas
AU  - Christopher R. Beam
AU  - Vibeke S. Catts
AU  - Malin Ericsson
AU  - Deborah G. Finkel
AU  - Carol E. Franz
AU  - William S. Kremen
AU  - Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen
AU  - Nicholas G. Martin
AU  - Matt McGue
AU  - Miriam A. Mosing
AU  - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
AU  - Marianne Nygaard
AU  - Nancy L. Pedersen
AU  - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
AU  - Keith E. Whitfield
AU  - Margaret Gatz
AU  - Unknown
PY  - 2026
JO  - Psychological Medicine
DO  - 10.1017/s0033291726104620
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726104620
ER  -

APA

Petkus, A. J., Reynolds, C. A., Finch, B. K., Thomas, K., Beam, C. R., Catts, V. S., Ericsson, M., Finkel, D. G., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Larsen, L. A., Martin, N. G., McGue, M., Mosing, M. A., Neiderhiser, J. M., Nygaard, M., Pedersen, N. L., Thalamuthu, A., Whitfield, K. E., Gatz, M., & Unknown (2026). The long reach of childhood income inequality: a multinational twin study of gene–environment interplay on adult depressive symptoms. Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726104620

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-25T14:17:54.326Z