Different formations, different patterns: An integrated approach combining entropy, machine learning, and XAI to analyze passing networks in soccer

Pengyu Pan, Carlos Lago-Peñas, Christopher Carling, Robert Rein, Tianbiao Liu, Daniel Memmert

Open source

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256
Published: 2026-07-07
Container: Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256,
  title = {Different formations, different patterns: An integrated approach combining entropy, machine learning, and XAI to analyze passing networks in soccer},
  author = {Pengyu Pan and Carlos Lago-Peñas and Christopher Carling and Robert Rein and Tianbiao Liu and Daniel Memmert},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
  doi = {10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Different formations, different patterns: An integrated approach combining entropy, machine learning, and XAI to analyze passing networks in soccer
AU  - Pengyu Pan
AU  - Carlos Lago-Peñas
AU  - Christopher Carling
AU  - Robert Rein
AU  - Tianbiao Liu
AU  - Daniel Memmert
PY  - 2026
JO  - Journal of Sports Sciences
DO  - 10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256
ER  -

APA

Pan, P., Lago-Peñas, C., Carling, C., Rein, R., Liu, T., & Memmert, D. (2026). Different formations, different patterns: An integrated approach combining entropy, machine learning, and XAI to analyze passing networks in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2026.2698256

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-26T05:25:58.889Z