Identification of the causal odds ratio in test-negative-design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.

Delaunay CL, Nunes B, Monge S, de Lange M, Túri G, Machado A, Latorre-Margalef N, Mlinarić I, Lazar M, Botella Rocamora P, Erdwiens A, Sève N, Domegan L, Martínez-Baz I, Hooiveld M, Oroszi B, Guiomar R, Sperk M, Kurečić Filipović S, Pascu C, Linares Dopido JA, Dürrwald R, Rameix-Welti MA, McKenna A, Castilla J, van Hagen C, Knol M, Kaczmarek M, Kissling E

Open source

DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyag039
Published: 2026 Feb 18
Container: International journal of epidemiology
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1093/ije/dyag039,
  title = {Identification of the causal odds ratio in test-negative-design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.},
  author = {Delaunay CL and Nunes B and Monge S and de Lange M and Túri G and Machado A and Latorre-Margalef N and Mlinarić I and Lazar M and Botella Rocamora P and Erdwiens A and Sève N and Domegan L and Martínez-Baz I and Hooiveld M and Oroszi B and Guiomar R and Sperk M and Kurečić Filipović S and Pascu C and Linares Dopido JA and Dürrwald R and Rameix-Welti MA and McKenna A and Castilla J and van Hagen C and Knol M and Kaczmarek M and Kissling E},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {International journal of epidemiology},
  doi = {10.1093/ije/dyag039},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag039}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identification of the causal odds ratio in test-negative-design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.
AU  - Delaunay CL
AU  - Nunes B
AU  - Monge S
AU  - de Lange M
AU  - Túri G
AU  - Machado A
AU  - Latorre-Margalef N
AU  - Mlinarić I
AU  - Lazar M
AU  - Botella Rocamora P
AU  - Erdwiens A
AU  - Sève N
AU  - Domegan L
AU  - Martínez-Baz I
AU  - Hooiveld M
AU  - Oroszi B
AU  - Guiomar R
AU  - Sperk M
AU  - Kurečić Filipović S
AU  - Pascu C
AU  - Linares Dopido JA
AU  - Dürrwald R
AU  - Rameix-Welti MA
AU  - McKenna A
AU  - Castilla J
AU  - van Hagen C
AU  - Knol M
AU  - Kaczmarek M
AU  - Kissling E
PY  - 2026
JO  - International journal of epidemiology
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyag039
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag039
ER  -

APA

CL, D., B, N., S, M., M, D. L., G, T., A, M., N, L., I, M., M, L., P, B. R., A, E., N, S., L, D., I, M., M, H., B, O., R, G., M, S., S, K. F., C, P., JA, L. D., R, D., MA, R., A, M., J, C., C, V. H., M, K., M, K., & E, K. (2026). Identification of the causal odds ratio in test-negative-design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.. International journal of epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag039

Source records

pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-25T08:06:29.488Z