The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.
- DOI
- 10.1098/rspb.1979.0086
- Published
- 1979 Sep 21
- Container
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
- Publisher
- Not recorded
- Open access
- unknown
Credibility signals
limited evidence Score 43/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Cite this work
BibTeX
@article{allodium:10.1098/rspb.1979.0086,
title = {The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.},
author = {Gould SJ and Lewontin RC},
year = {1979},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.1979.0086},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0086}
}RIS
TY - JOUR TI - The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. AU - Gould SJ AU - Lewontin RC PY - 1979 JO - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences DO - 10.1098/rspb.1979.0086 UR - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0086 ER -
APA
SJ, G., & RC, L. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0086
Source records
- pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-26T03:40:52.120Z