Neuroinflammation and Disease: Pathways and Opportunities

Olivia Hoffman, Nicholas H. Varvel, Avtar S. Roopra, Ray Dingledine

Open source

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519
Published: 2026-01-23
Container: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519,
  title = {Neuroinflammation and Disease: Pathways and Opportunities},
  author = {Olivia Hoffman and Nicholas H. Varvel and Avtar S. Roopra and Ray Dingledine},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Neuroinflammation and Disease: Pathways and Opportunities
AU  - Olivia Hoffman
AU  - Nicholas H. Varvel
AU  - Avtar S. Roopra
AU  - Ray Dingledine
PY  - 2026
JO  - Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
DO  - 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519
ER  -

APA

Hoffman, O., Varvel, N. H., Roopra, A. S., & Dingledine, R. (2026). Neuroinflammation and Disease: Pathways and Opportunities. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-043519

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-11-10T18:14:49.055Z