Navigating Unmeasured Confounding in Nonexperimental Psychological Research: A Practical Guide to Computing and Interpreting E-Value

Kaiwen Bi, Gabriel J. Merrin, Tianyu Li, Xianlin Sun, Yi Chai, Zekai Lu, Mark Shuquan Chen

Open source

DOI: 10.1177/25152459251326571
Published: 2025-04
Container: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1177/25152459251326571,
  title = {Navigating Unmeasured Confounding in Nonexperimental Psychological Research: A Practical Guide to Computing and Interpreting E-Value},
  author = {Kaiwen Bi and Gabriel J. Merrin and Tianyu Li and Xianlin Sun and Yi Chai and Zekai Lu and Mark Shuquan Chen},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science},
  doi = {10.1177/25152459251326571},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251326571}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Navigating Unmeasured Confounding in Nonexperimental Psychological Research: A Practical Guide to Computing and Interpreting E-Value
AU  - Kaiwen Bi
AU  - Gabriel J. Merrin
AU  - Tianyu Li
AU  - Xianlin Sun
AU  - Yi Chai
AU  - Zekai Lu
AU  - Mark Shuquan Chen
PY  - 2025
JO  - Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
DO  - 10.1177/25152459251326571
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251326571
ER  -

APA

Bi, K., Merrin, G. J., Li, T., Sun, X., Chai, Y., Lu, Z., & Chen, M. S. (2025). Navigating Unmeasured Confounding in Nonexperimental Psychological Research: A Practical Guide to Computing and Interpreting E-Value. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251326571

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-25T17:28:46.134Z