Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.
- DOI
- 10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4
- Published
- 2025 Nov 3
- Container
- BMC public health
- Publisher
- Not recorded
- Open access
- yes
Credibility signals
limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.
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Cite this work
BibTeX
@article{allodium:10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4,
title = {Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.},
author = {Cheng HG and Noggle B and Flora JW},
year = {2025},
journal = {BMC public health},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4}
}RIS
TY - JOUR TI - Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe. AU - Cheng HG AU - Noggle B AU - Flora JW PY - 2025 JO - BMC public health DO - 10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4 ER -
APA
HG, C., B, N., & JW, F. (2025). Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.. BMC public health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23280-4
Source records
- pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-27T01:32:06.510Z