Development and validation of the Lebanese Social Media Dependency Scale (LSMDS): A cross-sectional study among university students.

Younes S, Abbas Z, Haddad C, Saade D, Mourad N, Sacre H, Al-Hajje A, Salameh P

Open source

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0344535
Published: 2026
Container: PloS one
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 53/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDirectory of Open Access Journals: A matching record was returned by DOAJ. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1371/journal.pone.0344535,
  title = {Development and validation of the Lebanese Social Media Dependency Scale (LSMDS): A cross-sectional study among university students.},
  author = {Younes S and Abbas Z and Haddad C and Saade D and Mourad N and Sacre H and Al-Hajje A and Salameh P},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {PloS one},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0344535},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344535}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development and validation of the Lebanese Social Media Dependency Scale (LSMDS): A cross-sectional study among university students.
AU  - Younes S
AU  - Abbas Z
AU  - Haddad C
AU  - Saade D
AU  - Mourad N
AU  - Sacre H
AU  - Al-Hajje A
AU  - Salameh P
PY  - 2026
JO  - PloS one
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0344535
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344535
ER  -

APA

S, Y., Z, A., C, H., D, S., N, M., H, S., A, A., & P, S. (2026). Development and validation of the Lebanese Social Media Dependency Scale (LSMDS): A cross-sectional study among university students.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344535

Source records

pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-26T19:54:15.964Z
europe-pmc · retrieved 2026-09-26T19:54:15.980Z
doaj · retrieved 2026-09-26T19:54:15.981Z
hal · retrieved 2026-09-26T19:54:16.007Z