Development and validation of the AI literacy, risk perception, and academic confidence questionnaire for Chinese pre-service teachers

Zeyu Zhang, Xiaomei Lu, Guochao Xiao, Xinde Wang

Open source

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0353837
Published: 2026-07-16
Container: PLOS One
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.1371/journal.pone.0353837,
  title = {Development and validation of the AI literacy, risk perception, and academic confidence questionnaire for Chinese pre-service teachers},
  author = {Zeyu Zhang and Xiaomei Lu and Guochao Xiao and Xinde Wang},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0353837},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353837}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development and validation of the AI literacy, risk perception, and academic confidence questionnaire for Chinese pre-service teachers
AU  - Zeyu Zhang
AU  - Xiaomei Lu
AU  - Guochao Xiao
AU  - Xinde Wang
PY  - 2026
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0353837
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353837
ER  -

APA

Zhang, Z., Lu, X., Xiao, G., & Wang, X. (2026). Development and validation of the AI literacy, risk perception, and academic confidence questionnaire for Chinese pre-service teachers. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353837

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-11-10T15:07:35.333Z