Sleep and Substance Use Among Firefighters: Associations with Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine Use.

Reichenberger DA, Lee LJ, Hebl J, Ayeni AO, Robinson Ii LD, Watkins SL, Haswarey AH, Hurtado DA, McHill AW, Bodner T, Shea SA, Bowles NP

Open source

DOI: 10.2147/nss.s605149
Published: 2026
Container: Nature and science of sleep
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.2147/nss.s605149,
  title = {Sleep and Substance Use Among Firefighters: Associations with Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine Use.},
  author = {Reichenberger DA and Lee LJ and Hebl J and Ayeni AO and Robinson Ii LD and Watkins SL and Haswarey AH and Hurtado DA and McHill AW and Bodner T and Shea SA and Bowles NP},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Nature and science of sleep},
  doi = {10.2147/nss.s605149},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s605149}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sleep and Substance Use Among Firefighters: Associations with Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine Use.
AU  - Reichenberger DA
AU  - Lee LJ
AU  - Hebl J
AU  - Ayeni AO
AU  - Robinson Ii LD
AU  - Watkins SL
AU  - Haswarey AH
AU  - Hurtado DA
AU  - McHill AW
AU  - Bodner T
AU  - Shea SA
AU  - Bowles NP
PY  - 2026
JO  - Nature and science of sleep
DO  - 10.2147/nss.s605149
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s605149
ER  -

APA

DA, R., LJ, L., J, H., AO, A., LD, R. I., SL, W., AH, H., DA, H., AW, M., T, B., SA, S., & NP, B. (2026). Sleep and Substance Use Among Firefighters: Associations with Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine Use.. Nature and science of sleep. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s605149

Source records

pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-27T15:51:15.015Z