Standardizing and Scaffolding Health Care AI-Chatbot Evaluation: Systematic Review

Yining Hua, Winna Xia, David Bates, George Luke Hartstein, Hyungjin Tom Kim, Michael Li, Benjamin W Nelson, Charles Stromeyer IV, Darlene King, Jina Suh, Li Zhou, John Torous

Open source

DOI: 10.2196/69006
Published: 2025-11-07
Container: JMIR AI
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.2196/69006,
  title = {Standardizing and Scaffolding Health Care AI-Chatbot Evaluation: Systematic Review},
  author = {Yining Hua and Winna Xia and David Bates and George Luke Hartstein and Hyungjin Tom Kim and Michael Li and Benjamin W Nelson and Charles Stromeyer IV and Darlene King and Jina Suh and Li Zhou and John Torous},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {JMIR AI},
  doi = {10.2196/69006},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2196/69006}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Standardizing and Scaffolding Health Care AI-Chatbot Evaluation: Systematic Review
AU  - Yining Hua
AU  - Winna Xia
AU  - David Bates
AU  - George Luke Hartstein
AU  - Hyungjin Tom Kim
AU  - Michael Li
AU  - Benjamin W Nelson
AU  - Charles Stromeyer IV
AU  - Darlene King
AU  - Jina Suh
AU  - Li Zhou
AU  - John Torous
PY  - 2025
JO  - JMIR AI
DO  - 10.2196/69006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/69006
ER  -

APA

Hua, Y., Xia, W., Bates, D., Hartstein, G. L., Kim, H. T., Li, M., Nelson, B. W., IV, C. S., King, D., Suh, J., Zhou, L., & Torous, J. (2025). Standardizing and Scaffolding Health Care AI-Chatbot Evaluation: Systematic Review. JMIR AI. https://doi.org/10.2196/69006

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-25T05:33:14.938Z