Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies

A. J. Grimes, Charles Perrow

Open source

DOI: 10.2307/257982
Published: 1985-04
Container: The Academy of Management Review
Publisher: Academy of Management
Open access: unknown

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 64/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

supportingDOI registered: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDOI resolves: A matching record was returned by Crossref. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
supportingMetadata completeness: All 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.2307/257982,
  title = {Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies},
  author = {A. J. Grimes and Charles Perrow},
  year = {1985},
  journal = {The Academy of Management Review},
  doi = {10.2307/257982},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/257982}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies
AU  - A. J. Grimes
AU  - Charles Perrow
PY  - 1985
JO  - The Academy of Management Review
DO  - 10.2307/257982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2307/257982
ER  -

APA

Grimes, A. J., & Perrow, C. (1985). Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies. The Academy of Management Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/257982

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-09-25T21:10:38.634Z