Potency-Enhancing Synthetics in the Drug Overdose Epidemic: Xylazine ("Tranq"), Fentanyl, Methamphetamine, and the Displacement of Heroin in Philadelphia and Tijuana.
- DOI
- 10.31389/jied.122
- Published
- 2022
- Container
- Journal of illicit economies and development
- Publisher
- Not recorded
- Open access
- yes
Credibility signals
limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.
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- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
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- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
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- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
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- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Cite this work
BibTeX
@article{allodium:10.31389/jied.122,
title = {Potency-Enhancing Synthetics in the Drug Overdose Epidemic: Xylazine ("Tranq"), Fentanyl, Methamphetamine, and the Displacement of Heroin in Philadelphia and Tijuana.},
author = {Montero F and Bourgois P and Friedman J},
year = {2022},
journal = {Journal of illicit economies and development},
doi = {10.31389/jied.122},
url = {https://doi.org/10.31389/jied.122}
}RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Potency-Enhancing Synthetics in the Drug Overdose Epidemic: Xylazine ("Tranq"), Fentanyl, Methamphetamine, and the Displacement of Heroin in Philadelphia and Tijuana.
AU - Montero F
AU - Bourgois P
AU - Friedman J
PY - 2022
JO - Journal of illicit economies and development
DO - 10.31389/jied.122
UR - https://doi.org/10.31389/jied.122
ER - APA
F, M., P, B., & J, F. (2022). Potency-Enhancing Synthetics in the Drug Overdose Epidemic: Xylazine ("Tranq"), Fentanyl, Methamphetamine, and the Displacement of Heroin in Philadelphia and Tijuana.. Journal of illicit economies and development. https://doi.org/10.31389/jied.122
Source records
- pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-26T05:00:44.081Z