Leveraging Machine Learning to Evaluate the ESG Performance of Listed and OTC Firms in a Small Open Economy

Hui-Juan Xiao, Tsung-Nan Chou, Jian-Fa Li, Kuei-Kuei Lai

Open source

DOI: 10.3390/asi9030052
Published: 02
Container: Applied System Innovation
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

uncertain Score 53/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
supportingDirectory of Open Access Journals: A matching record was returned by DOAJ. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.3390/asi9030052,
  title = {Leveraging Machine Learning to Evaluate the ESG Performance of Listed and OTC Firms in a Small Open Economy},
  author = {Hui-Juan Xiao and Tsung-Nan Chou and Jian-Fa Li and Kuei-Kuei Lai},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Applied System Innovation},
  doi = {10.3390/asi9030052},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/asi9030052}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leveraging Machine Learning to Evaluate the ESG Performance of Listed and OTC Firms in a Small Open Economy
AU  - Hui-Juan Xiao
AU  - Tsung-Nan Chou
AU  - Jian-Fa Li
AU  - Kuei-Kuei Lai
PY  - 2026
JO  - Applied System Innovation
DO  - 10.3390/asi9030052
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/asi9030052
ER  -

APA

Xiao, H., Chou, T., Li, J., & Lai, K. (2026). Leveraging Machine Learning to Evaluate the ESG Performance of Listed and OTC Firms in a Small Open Economy. Applied System Innovation. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi9030052

Source records

doaj · retrieved 2026-09-27T11:23:48.293Z