From Optimisation to Closed-Loop Urban Automation: A Conceptual Framework for Spatial Intelligence and Physical AI in AI–IoT-Enabled Smart Cities

Alok Tiwari, Yasser Qaffas

Open source

DOI: 10.3390/automation7040122
Published: 08
Container: Automation
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

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Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.3390/automation7040122,
  title = {From Optimisation to Closed-Loop Urban Automation: A Conceptual Framework for Spatial Intelligence and Physical AI in AI–IoT-Enabled Smart Cities},
  author = {Alok Tiwari and Yasser Qaffas},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Automation},
  doi = {10.3390/automation7040122},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/automation7040122}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From Optimisation to Closed-Loop Urban Automation: A Conceptual Framework for Spatial Intelligence and Physical AI in AI–IoT-Enabled Smart Cities
AU  - Alok Tiwari
AU  - Yasser Qaffas
PY  - 2026
JO  - Automation
DO  - 10.3390/automation7040122
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/automation7040122
ER  -

APA

Tiwari, A., & Qaffas, Y. (2026). From Optimisation to Closed-Loop Urban Automation: A Conceptual Framework for Spatial Intelligence and Physical AI in AI–IoT-Enabled Smart Cities. Automation. https://doi.org/10.3390/automation7040122

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doaj · retrieved 2026-09-25T01:55:43.933Z