SPNOA: An Improved Nutcracker Optimizer Based on Specular Reflection Learning and Probability-Driven Hybrid Mutation Strategy for Global Optimization

Xingbo Yao, Changqing Fang

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DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics11100764
Published: 2026-10-21
Container: Biomimetics
Publisher: MDPI AG
Open access: unknown

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Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.3390/biomimetics11100764,
  title = {SPNOA: An Improved Nutcracker Optimizer Based on Specular Reflection Learning and Probability-Driven Hybrid Mutation Strategy for Global Optimization},
  author = {Xingbo Yao and Changqing Fang},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Biomimetics},
  doi = {10.3390/biomimetics11100764},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11100764}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - SPNOA: An Improved Nutcracker Optimizer Based on Specular Reflection Learning and Probability-Driven Hybrid Mutation Strategy for Global Optimization
AU  - Xingbo Yao
AU  - Changqing Fang
PY  - 2026
JO  - Biomimetics
DO  - 10.3390/biomimetics11100764
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11100764
ER  -

APA

Yao, X., & Fang, C. (2026). SPNOA: An Improved Nutcracker Optimizer Based on Specular Reflection Learning and Probability-Driven Hybrid Mutation Strategy for Global Optimization. Biomimetics. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11100764

Source records

crossref · retrieved 2026-11-10T01:54:33.472Z