Rethinking Depression—Beyond Neurotransmitters: An Integrated Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology Framework for Depression’s Pathophysiology and Tailored Treatment

Anna Giulia Bottaccioli, Mauro Bologna, Francesco Bottaccioli

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DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062759
Published: 2025-03-19
Container: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Open access: unknown

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Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.3390/ijms26062759,
  title = {Rethinking Depression—Beyond Neurotransmitters: An Integrated Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology Framework for Depression’s Pathophysiology and Tailored Treatment},
  author = {Anna Giulia Bottaccioli and Mauro Bologna and Francesco Bottaccioli},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  doi = {10.3390/ijms26062759},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062759}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rethinking Depression—Beyond Neurotransmitters: An Integrated Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology Framework for Depression’s Pathophysiology and Tailored Treatment
AU  - Anna Giulia Bottaccioli
AU  - Mauro Bologna
AU  - Francesco Bottaccioli
PY  - 2025
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms26062759
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062759
ER  -

APA

Bottaccioli, A. G., Bologna, M., & Bottaccioli, F. (2025). Rethinking Depression—Beyond Neurotransmitters: An Integrated Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology Framework for Depression’s Pathophysiology and Tailored Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062759

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crossref · retrieved 2026-11-09T13:38:00.370Z