Cardiovascular Effects, Phytochemistry, Drug Interactions, and Safety Profile of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel): A Comprehensive Review.

Zahi A, Rani A, Aktary N, Rahman M, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Park MN, Legssyer A, Kim B

DOI: 10.3390/ph18111761
Published: 2025 Nov 19
Container: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.3390/ph18111761,
  title = {Cardiovascular Effects, Phytochemistry, Drug Interactions, and Safety Profile of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel): A Comprehensive Review.},
  author = {Zahi A and Rani A and Aktary N and Rahman M and Mekhfi H and Ziyyat A and Park MN and Legssyer A and Kim B},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
  doi = {10.3390/ph18111761},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18111761}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cardiovascular Effects, Phytochemistry, Drug Interactions, and Safety Profile of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel): A Comprehensive Review.
AU  - Zahi A
AU  - Rani A
AU  - Aktary N
AU  - Rahman M
AU  - Mekhfi H
AU  - Ziyyat A
AU  - Park MN
AU  - Legssyer A
AU  - Kim B
PY  - 2025
JO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/ph18111761
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18111761
ER  -

APA

A, Z., A, R., N, A., M, R., H, M., A, Z., MN, P., A, L., & B, K. (2025). Cardiovascular Effects, Phytochemistry, Drug Interactions, and Safety Profile of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel): A Comprehensive Review.. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18111761

Source records

pubmed · retrieved 2026-09-25T06:14:51.891Z