Substandard and Falsified Medicines in West and Central Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Regulatory Gaps

Samuel Ngum, Gerald Ngo Teke, Signang Alberic Ndonku, Mary Bi Suh Atanga, Estella Achick Tembe-Fokunang, Charles Fokunang

Open source

DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859
Published: 2025-06-16
Container: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Publisher: Not recorded
Open access: yes

Credibility signals

limited evidence Score 45/100 under policy 1.0.0. This is a metadata assessment, not a judgment of the paper's conclusions.

Show all credibility signals

cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response. Source: Crossref; license: CC0 metadata
not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility. Source: DOAJ; license: CC0
not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete. Source: Retraction Watch; license: CC BY 4.0
supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made. Source: No authority result supplied; license: Unknown
not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer
cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty. Source: Normalized work metadata; license: Caller-provided; provenance license not supplied to scorer

Cite this work

BibTeX

@article{allodium:10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859,
  title = {Substandard and Falsified Medicines in West and Central Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Regulatory Gaps},
  author = {Samuel Ngum and Gerald Ngo Teke and Signang Alberic Ndonku and Mary Bi Suh Atanga and Estella Achick Tembe-Fokunang and Charles Fokunang},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research},
  doi = {10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Substandard and Falsified Medicines in West and Central Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Regulatory Gaps
AU  - Samuel Ngum
AU  - Gerald Ngo Teke
AU  - Signang Alberic Ndonku
AU  - Mary Bi Suh Atanga
AU  - Estella Achick Tembe-Fokunang
AU  - Charles Fokunang
PY  - 2025
JO  - Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
DO  - 10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859
UR  - https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859
ER  -

APA

Ngum, S., Teke, G. N., Ndonku, S. A., Atanga, M. B. S., Tembe-Fokunang, E. A., & Fokunang, C. (2025). Substandard and Falsified Medicines in West and Central Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Regulatory Gaps. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i65859

Source records

hal · retrieved 2026-09-27T12:01:10.326Z