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Retraction notices
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Retraction notices
Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity
Type
Retraction
Notice date
5/9/2025 0:00
Journal
International Immunopharmacology
Publisher
Elsevier
Notice DOI
10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114781
Original paper DOI
10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107193
Reasons
Duplication of/in Image
Euphemisms for Duplication
Investigation by Journal/Publisher
Manipulation of Images
Objections by Author(s)
Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions
Matching venue names
Name match only, not an authoritative journal identifier.
International Immunopharmacology