Retraction notices

The Dynamics of Three Currencies’ Bid–Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import–Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production

Type

Retraction

Notice date

8/7/2025 0:00

Journal

Frontiers in Environmental Science

Publisher

Frontiers

Notice DOI

10.3389/fenvs.2025.1674716

Original paper DOI

10.3389/fenvs.2022.900760

Reasons

• Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions
• Concerns/Issues about Peer Review
• Conflict of Interest
• Investigation by Journal/Publisher
• Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions

Matching venue names

Name match only, not an authoritative journal identifier.

• Frontiers in Environmental Science