Retraction notices

COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on bees, beekeeping, and potential role of bee products as antiviral agents and immune enhancers

Type

Retraction

Notice date

12/18/2025 0:00

Journal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Publisher

Springer - Nature Publishing Group

Notice DOI

10.1007/s11356-025-37306-2

Original paper DOI

10.1007/s11356-021-17643-8

Reasons

• Compromised Peer Review
• Investigation by Journal/Publisher
• Objections by Author(s)
• Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions
• Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s)

Matching venue names

Name match only, not an authoritative journal identifier.

• Environmental Science and Pollution Research