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Azobenzene's Cross-Scale Optics and Photonics: Molecular Photoswitching, Mesoscopic Material Motions, and Adaptive Devices.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
A wearable electrochemical sensor for sweat cortisol detection based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles and cellulose nanofiber/carbon nanotube conductive aerogel.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Axial Length Adjustment and AL/R Ratio Optimization of IOL Power Calculation in Extremely Long Eyes.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Retraction notice to "Controlling basal plane sulfur vacancy in water splitting MoSx/NiF electrocatalysts through electric-field-assisted pulsed laser ablation" [iScience 26 (2023) 106797].
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
KAB: A knowledge-aligned benchmark for reproducible evaluation of distantly supervised relation extraction.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Label-free fiber-optic cascade sensor for rapid and ultrasensitive serum folate quantification.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Three-dimensional Liver Respiratory Motion Tracking in Ultrasound Images via Vascular Structural Projection Optimization and Multi-path Constrained Estimation.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Ultrasound-Led Multimodality Imaging-Guided Robotic Needle Insertion With Respiratory Phase Consistency in Phantom and Animal Models.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Comparative study of photo-induced variations of X-ray diffraction and refractive index in photo-thermo-refractive glass
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy for Quantitative Characterization of Subtle Heterogeneity in Marine Bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis under Microplastic and Cadmium Exposure.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Targeted Lifetime Probe Enables Quantitative FLIM Mapping of Lipid Droplet Polarity Remodeling under Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Narrow Surface-Lattice Resonance of Plasmonic Metasurfaces at Normal Incidence in Asymmetric Environment.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Oxygen Stoichiometry Engineering in Bi2O2Se for Carrier Regulation and High-Performance Homojunction Photodetectors.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Wearable Optical Fiber SERS Sensor Based on a Flexible "Hydrogel Tentacle" for Sweat Remote and In Situ Detection.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Integral equation methods from grating theory to photonics: An overview and new approaches for conical diffraction
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Polarization selective metasurface formed by interference laser writing
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Single-Photon Detection System for Quantum Optics Applications
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredOpen access status: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
All-Optical Reservoir Computing on a Photonic Chip Using Silicon-Based Ring Resonators
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Tellurite and fluorotellurite glasses for fiberoptic Raman amplifiers: glass characterization, optical properties, Raman gain, preliminary fiberization, and fiber characterization
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredKnown publisher allow-list: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredROR affiliation: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredRetraction Watch retraction: No retraction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch expression of concern: No expression of concern notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch correction: No correction notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- not scoredRetraction Watch reinstatement: No reinstatement notice matched this DOI in the deployed snapshot. No matching event found; coverage may be incomplete.
- supportingOpen access status: Normalized open-access status: open.
- not scoredPublication license: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredPublication version: A publication version was supplied but is not scored.
- cautionMetadata completeness: 5 of 6 scored descriptive metadata groups are present; missing fields increase uncertainty.
Building the future of biophotonics through experiential education and seasonal schools.
limited evidence
Show all credibility signals
- cautionDOI registered: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- cautionDOI resolves: No matching Crossref record was present in this response.
- not scoredDirectory of Open Access Journals: No matching DOAJ record was present in this response. No allow-list match; this is not evidence of low credibility.
- not scoredMEDLINE indexed: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
- not scoredOpenAlex core source: Not checked or no result supplied; no credibility inference made.
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Photonic time crystals assisted by quasi-bound states in the continuum.
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Nonlinear pulse shaping in fibres for pulse generation and optical processing
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Validation of a Rule-Based Automated Method for RPE Cell Detection Using Adaptive Optics Transscleral Flood Illumination.
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Use of a Retinal Phantom to Facilitate Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy Imaging in a Multicenter Clinical Trial.
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Clinical Validation on Healthy Humans of a Portable Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitor Based on Transdermal Band-Pass Raman Spectroscopy.
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LiDAR demonstration using an InP-based optical phased array with a 3D-printed beam-shaping element.
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A Tribute to Sergey Odinokov
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An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials
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An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics: Structures and Devices
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Comparative Accuracy of the Barrett Toric Calculator With or Without the Incorporation of Posterior Corneal Astigmatism and the Castrop Formula.
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GRAND UNIFIED THEORY OF PHYSICS Empirical Calibration Complete with Testable Predictions
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THE NEXUS RECURSIVE UNIVERSE: Vol 1 - Explanation, Examples and Toolkit
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The Opto-Metallurgical Frontier: Engineering the Photonide Class for Zero-Latency Photonic AI Computing
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The Quantum Citadel for AI: A Theoretical Framework for Near-Absolute Security Against Cyber Intrusion Author: Dr. Mohamed Kamal Arafa Elrakhawi Affiliation: Researcher, Consultant, Jurist, Author, and International Lecturer in Law; Researcher in Algorithmic Sciences and Legal Artificial Intelligence. Date of Publication: June 2026 Document Identifier (DOI): 10.5281/zenodo.20666248 ABSTRACT In the face of escalating advanced cyber threats and satellite-based attacks, traditional software security has become insufficient for protecting sensitive superintelligent AI systems. This foundational paper introduces the Quantum Citadel for AI (QC-AI), a comprehensive physical framework that provides near-absolute protection for critical AI systems by integrating seven security layers based on the laws of physics rather than software alone. The system combines absolute physical isolation, quantum Faraday cages, isolated quantum computing, unidirectional optical data diodes, quantum self-destruct protocols, side-channel intrusion detection, and quantum-resistant cryptography. This paper presents the theoretical physical foundations governing each layer, theoretically proving the impossibility of remote intrusion under known physical constraints. This work represents a paradigm shift from software security to physical-quantum security, establishing a new field: Physical-Quantum Cybersecurity. The complete technical specifications and implementation protocols remain proprietary and are available only through direct consultation with the author. Keywords: Quantum Citadel, Superintelligent AI, Physical-Quantum Security, Absolute Physical Isolation, Isolated Quantum Computing, Quantum-Resistant Cryptography. 1. INTRODUCTION Current cyber systems rely on mathematical assumptions about the difficulty of solving certain problems (such as factoring large prime numbers), assumptions that are threatened by the emergence of quantum computing. Moreover, any system connected to a network, even indirectly, remains vulnerable to side-channel attacks, data leakage through electromagnetic emissions, and advanced satellite attacks. This paper poses a fundamental question: Can we build a superintelligent AI system that is protected in a near-absolute manner using the laws of physics themselves? The answer we provide is the Quantum Citadel model, a system based on the principle that true security is not built on computational assumptions, but on physical laws that cannot be violated. This work aims to present a comprehensive theoretical framework that can be adopted as a basis for protecting critical infrastructure, military systems, and sovereign data in the age of superintelligent AI. 1.1 Research Objectives The first objective: To theoretically prove that physical-quantum security surpasses traditional software security. The second objective: To establish the physical foundations governing each of the seven layers. The third objective: To design an integrated system architecture concept. The fourth objective: To establish the conceptual framework for operational protocols. The fifth objective: To establish a new scientific field: Physical-Quantum Cybersecurity. 1.2 Research Methodology The research relies on an interdisciplinary methodology combining: - Quantum physics (quantum mechanics, thermodynamics) - Cybersecurity (side-channel analysis, cryptography) - Electronic engineering (Faraday cages, optical diodes) - Artificial intelligence (anomaly detection, neural networks) 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: THE PHYSICS OF NEAR-ABSOLUTE SECURITY The Quantum Citadel is based on four fundamental physical postulates: Postulate 1: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle A quantum state cannot be measured without changing it, making any attempt to eavesdrop on quantum data immediately detectable. Mathematically: Delta_x * Delta_p >= hbar / 2 Where Delta_x is the uncertainty in position, Delta_p is the uncertainty in momentum, and hbar is the reduced Planck constant. Postulate 2: The Law of Conservation of Energy Any intrusion process requires energy that can be measured, making physical attacks detectable. The energy required for intrusion is calculated by the equation: E_attack = Integral from t0 to t1 of P(t) dt Where P(t) is the power consumed in the attack over time. Postulate 3: The Principle of Electromagnetic Isolation Electromagnetic radiation can be physically blocked entirely under specific conditions. The electric field intensity inside the cage is calculated by the equation: E_internal = E_external * exp(-t / delta) Where t is the material thickness, and delta is the skin depth. Postulate 4: Quantum Information Theory Quantum information cannot be cloned (No-Cloning Theorem), making the theft of quantum data impossible without destroying it. Mathematically: There is no unitary operation U that satisfies: U(|psi> tensor |0>) = |psi> tensor |psi> For any unknown quantum state |psi>. 3. THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE QUANTUM CITADEL 3.1 Layer 1: Absolute Physical Air-Gap The system operates in a complete physical Air-Gap state, containing no wireless or wired communication interfaces that can be connected to external networks. The fundamental principle is that the sum of all potential interfaces must equal zero. Any non-zero value immediately activates the self-destruct protocol. The specific verification methodology and thresholds are proprietary. 3.2 Layer 2: Quantum Faraday Cage The system is enclosed within a multi-layered Faraday cage that achieves electromagnetic attenuation exceeding a specific threshold across the frequency spectrum. The fundamental equation for cage effectiveness is: SE(dB) = 20 * log10(E_incident / E_transmitted) The specific material composition, layer thicknesses, and attenuation thresholds are proprietary and represent a key innovation of this framework. 3.3 Layer 3: Isolated Quantum Computing Core The quantum processor operates at ultra-low temperature in a high-vacuum environment. The fundamental equation for qubit state (Schrödinger equation) is: i * hbar * partial(Psi)/partial(t) = H * Psi The specific operating parameters, coherence requirements, and error correction protocols are proprietary. 3.4 Layer 4: Unidirectional Optical Data Diode Data is transferred via an optical Data Diode that achieves one-way transfer only according to physical law. The fundamental equation for data flow is: Data_Flow = Integral from t0 to t1 (Input_Signal) dt Output_Signal = 0 (physically impossible) The specific optical design and isolation specifications are proprietary. 3.5 Layer 5: Quantum Self-Destruct Protocol When any physical tampering attempt is detected, the destruction protocol is activated within a specific time threshold. The fundamental principle is that all qubits are rewritten to a random state, maximizing entropy. The specific trigger conditions, response times, and destruction mechanisms are proprietary. 3.6 Layer 6: Side-Channel Intrusion Detection The system continuously monitors four side channels: electromagnetic emissions, thermal patterns, acoustic vibrations, and power consumption. The fundamental equation for anomaly detection is: Anomaly_Score = Neural_Network(EM, Thermal, Acoustic, Power) The specific neural network architecture, training data, and detection thresholds are proprietary. 3.7 Layer 7: Quantum-Resistant Cryptography All internal data is encrypted using NIST-approved Post-Quantum Cryptography algorithms, with key distribution via quantum protocols. The fundamental equation for QKD security is: Key_Rate >= Detection_Rate - Error_Rate - Privacy_Amplification The specific implementation details and security parameters are proprietary. 4. INTEGRATED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The Quantum Citadel consists of five main units: - Unit 1: Isolated Quantum Computing Unit - Unit 2: Secure Optical Input Unit - Unit 3: Comprehensive Physical Monitoring Unit - Unit 4: Emergency Response Unit - Unit 5: Isolated User Interface The specific technical specifications, inter-unit communication protocols, and integration mechanisms are proprietary and represent the core innovation of this framework. 5. OPERATIONAL PROTOCOLS The framework establishes four fundamental operational protocols: - Protocol 1: Physical Isolation Verification - Protocol 2: Side-Channel Monitoring - Protocol 3: Quantum Key Update - Protocol 4: Physical Audit The detailed procedures, authorization requirements, and verification methodologies are proprietary. 6. MATHEMATICAL SECURITY ANALYSIS The comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the probability of successful intrusion is physically negligible. The mathematical proof relies on the multiplicative effect of the seven layers: P(total_breach) = P(layer1) * P(layer2) * P(layer3) * P(layer4) * P(layer5) * P(layer6) * P(layer7) The specific probability calculations and security margins are proprietary. 7. CONTROLS AND CHALLENGES 7.1 Challenge 1: High Cost The implementation requires significant investment in quantum computing infrastructure, ultra-cooling systems, and specialized materials. 7.2 Challenge 2: Need for an Interdisciplinary Team Successful implementation requires expertise in quantum physics, cybersecurity, electronic engineering, optics, artificial intelligence, and cryptography. 7.3 Challenge 3: Maintenance Difficulty The system requires specialized maintenance procedures and trained personnel. 7.4 Challenge 4: Balancing Security and Usability The framework must balance absolute security with practical usability for authorized users. 8. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 8.1 Central Banks Protecting cash reserves and financial systems from advanced cyber threats. 8.2 Military and Defense Protecting command and control systems from electronic warfare and satellite-based attacks. 8.3 Critical Infrastructure Protecting electricity, water, and transportation networks from terrorist attacks. 8.4 Healthcare Protecting national genome data and sensitive medical information. 8.5 Space Protecting satellite systems and space assets from cyber intrusion. 9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The Quantum Citadel for AI presents a comprehensive physical framework that provides an unprecedented level of security for critical superintelligent AI systems. By leveraging fundamental laws of physics rather than computational assumptions, the system achieves near-absolute protection against all known forms of cyber intrusion, including advanced satellite attacks. 9.1 Main Achievements 1. Theoretical proof that physical security surpasses software security 2. Establishment of physical foundations for each layer 3. Design of an integrated system architecture concept 4. Establishment of the conceptual framework for operational protocols 5. Founding the field of physical-quantum cybersecurity 9.2 Future Steps 1. Building a practical prototype (requires proprietary technical specifications) 2. Conducting comprehensive penetration testing 3. Obtaining international security certifications 4. Developing international standards 5. Commercial deployment of the system 9.3 Expected Impact - Protecting critical infrastructure - Preventing major cyber attacks - Establishing a new standard for cybersecurity - Opening new avenues for scientific research 10. REFERENCES 1. Bennett, C. H., & Brassard, G. (2014). Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing. Theoretical Computer Science, 560, 7-11. 2. Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W., & Zbinden, H. (2002). Quantum cryptography. Reviews of Modern Physics, 74(1), 145-195. 3. Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Barends, R., ... & Martinis, J. M. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature, 574(7779), 505-510. 4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2022). Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization. NIST IR 8447. 5. Kocher, P., Jaffe, J., & Jun, B. (1999). Differential power analysis. In Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO'99 (pp. 388-397). Springer. 6. Anderson, R. J. (2020). Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems (3rd ed.). Wiley. 7. Preskill, J. (2018). Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond. Quantum, 2, 79. 8. Shor, P. W. (1997). Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM Journal on Computing, 26(5), 1484-1509. 9. Elrakhawi, M. K. A. (2026). Towards Neuro-Legal Metrology: The Legal Cognitive Fingerprint Protocol for Quantifying Criminal Intent. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20665078 10. Elrakhawi, M. K. A. (2026). Quantum Predictive Justice: A Mathematical Framework for Predicting Crimes Before Cognitive Collapse. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20665925 11. Ott, D., & Heintze, N. (2014). Securing unidirectional network device traffic. IEEE Security & Privacy, 12(5), 87-91. 12. Pirandola, S., Andersen, U. L., Banchi, L., Berta, M., Bunandar, D., Colbeck, R., ... & Wallden, P. (2020). Advances in quantum cryptography. Advances in Optics and Photonics, 12(4), 1012-1236. 13. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press. 14. Schneier, B. (2015). Secrets and Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World. Wiley. 15. Stallings, W. (2020). Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice (8th ed.). Pearson. --- CONTACT INFORMATION For technical consultations, licensing opportunities, or access to proprietary implementation details, please contact: Dr. Mohamed Kamal Arafa Elrakhawi Email: elrakhawimohame@gmail.com Note: The complete technical specifications, implementation protocols, and proprietary equations governing the Quantum Citadel framework are available exclusively through direct consultation with the author. This paper presents only the theoretical framework and does not disclose the specific technical details necessary for implementation.
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Era of Non-Invasive Biological Imaging… Overcoming Noise Limits with Quantum Entanglement
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A Comprehensive Review on the Spectroradiometer Applications in Medical Diagnostics and Biomedical Research
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Advancing Fourier: space–time concepts in ultrafast optics, imaging, and photonic neural networks
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Comparative Additional Factor for Diffraction Loss On (TEM01) Mode from That of (TEM00) Mode
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Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of Barium Oxide and Zinc Sulfide
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