Treatment effect modifiers of virtual reality-based versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an exploratory moderator analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics in the FaceYourFears trial

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This exploratory moderator analysis of the FaceYourFears trial examines how baseline clinical characteristics influence treatment outcomes for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders comparing virtual reality-based CBT (VR-CBTp) and standard CBTp. The study identifies that individuals with high avolition or moderate-to-high delusion severity showed greater improvement with VR-CBTp, while those with lower delusion severity fared better with standard CBTp. Demographic factors and other clinical variables did not significantly modify treatment effects, suggesting both modalities may be suitable for a broad patient population.

ID
d6dda4bf1ede4e58
Source org
PubMed Central
Author
Mads Juul Christensen (Aalborg University Hospital), Ditte Lammers Vernal (Aalborg University Hospital), Ulrik Nykjaer Jeppesen (University of Copenhagen), Carsten Hjorthøj (University of Copenhagen), Jan Mainz (University of Southern Denmark), Amy Pinkham, Stephen F. Austin (University of Copenhagen), Wim Veling (University of Groningen), Thomas Ward (King's College London), Merete Nordentoft (University of Copenhagen), Louise Birkedal Glenthøj (University of Copenhagen)
Published
2026-01-01
OA status
hybrid
DOI
10.1017/S0033291726103870
PMID
Not recorded
PMCID
Not recorded
Citations
1

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BibTeX

@article{allodium:d6dda4bf1ede4e58,
  title = {Treatment effect modifiers of virtual reality-based versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an exploratory moderator analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics in the FaceYourFears trial},
  author = {Mads Juul Christensen and Ditte Lammers Vernal and Ulrik Nykjaer Jeppesen and Carsten Hjorthøj and Jan Mainz and Amy Pinkham and Stephen F. Austin and Wim Veling and Thomas Ward and Merete Nordentoft and Louise Birkedal Glenthøj},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {PubMed Central},
  doi = {10.1017/S0033291726103870},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726103870}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Treatment effect modifiers of virtual reality-based versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an exploratory moderator analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics in the FaceYourFears trial
AU  - Christensen, Mads Juul
AU  - Vernal, Ditte Lammers
AU  - Jeppesen, Ulrik Nykjaer
AU  - Hjorthøj, Carsten
AU  - Mainz, Jan
AU  - Pinkham, Amy
AU  - Austin, Stephen F.
AU  - Veling, Wim
AU  - Ward, Thomas
AU  - Nordentoft, Merete
AU  - Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal
PY  - 2026
PB  - PubMed Central
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291726103870
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726103870
ER  - 

APA

Christensen, M. J., Vernal, D. L., Jeppesen, U. N., Hjorthøj, C., Mainz, J., Pinkham, A., Austin, S. F., Veling, W., Ward, T., Nordentoft, M., & Glenthøj, L. B. (2026). Treatment effect modifiers of virtual reality-based versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an exploratory moderator analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics in the FaceYourFears trial. PubMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726103870

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