Retraction notices

The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis

Type

Retraction

Notice date

4/22/2026 0:00

Journal

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Publisher

Springer - Nature Publishing Group

Notice DOI

10.1057/s41599-026-07310-z

Original paper DOI

10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y

Reasons

• Concerns/Issues about Article
• Investigation by Journal/Publisher
• Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions

Matching venue names

Name match only, not an authoritative journal identifier.

• Humanities and Social Sciences Communications