Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological changes during nature-based exercise among U.S. service members

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This study examines how perceived exertion moderates psychological changes in 86 active-duty service members with major depressive disorder participating in surf or hike therapy. Using multilevel models, the authors analyze whether the intensity of effort during six weekly sessions influences reductions in depression/anxiety symptoms and increases in positive affect. The findings suggest that the optimal level of perceived exertion for maximizing psychological benefits varies depending on the specific nature-based activity.

ID
aabc7de4b2f4425c
Source org
PubMed Central
Author
Nicholas Otis (Leidos (United States)), Hayley Myers (Leidos (United States)), Lisa H. Glassman (Leidos (United States)), Kim T. Kobayashi Elliott (Naval Medical Center San Diego), Betty Michalewicz-Kragh (Naval Medical Center San Diego), Kristen H. Walter (Naval Health Research Center)
Published
2026-04-20
OA status
gold
DOI
10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354
PMID
Not recorded
PMCID
Not recorded
Citations
0

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BibTeX

@article{allodium:aabc7de4b2f4425c,
  title = {Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological changes during nature-based exercise among U.S. service members},
  author = {Nicholas Otis and Hayley Myers and Lisa H. Glassman and Kim T. Kobayashi Elliott and Betty Michalewicz-Kragh and Kristen H. Walter},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {PubMed Central},
  doi = {10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354}
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological changes during nature-based exercise among U.S. service members
AU  - Otis, Nicholas
AU  - Myers, Hayley
AU  - Glassman, Lisa H.
AU  - Elliott, Kim T. Kobayashi
AU  - Michalewicz-Kragh, Betty
AU  - Walter, Kristen H.
PY  - 2026
PB  - PubMed Central
DO  - 10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354
ER  -

APA

Otis, N., Myers, H., Glassman, L. H., Elliott, K. T. K., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., & Walter, K. H. (2026). Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological changes during nature-based exercise among U.S. service members. PubMed Central. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354

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